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kelp (Lt. Islnd, 19Jul06)

comparing modes of political participation

 

Mode

 

Pressure

 

Information

Scope of

Outcome

 

Conflictual

Initiative

required

 

Cooperation

 

Costly*

 

Whenever

Voting

Hi

Lo

Collective

Yes

Little

Little

No

No

Campaign

Hi

Lo to hi

Collective

Yes

Some

Some to much

Lo to hi

No

Communal

Lo to hi

Hi

Collective

Perhaps

Some or much

Some or much

Lo to hi

Yes

Parochial contact

Lo

Hi

Particular

No

Much

Little

Hi

Yes

Unconventional

Hi

Hi

Collective

Yes

Much

Little to much

Hi

Yes

*Costly refers to financial, time, psychological effort, and personal risk costs

 

 Sources: Verba et al., Participation and political equality (1978), modified by Dalton (2006: 37)

 

 

 

 
 
 
 

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Frost Free Library, July 2006

Frost Free Library, July 2006